Translation #1:
"As Gregor Samsa woke from uneasy dreams one morning to find himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect."
The connotations of this line is that the main character was having a restless and having a violent night. The next part of the line kind of contradicts the violence by saying he "transformed" denoting a beautiful and peaceful, even natural, change. However, the tone dips again by saying a gigantic insect denoting a very large (maybe the size of your hand, or even worse, YOUR FACE) creature that would scare any passing human. The syntax of this line introduces the main character first, the restless night, then the big reveal of the bug situation. The way it is structured it feels as if everything is happening at once there for putting a stressful mood in the air. The use of the word gigantic vs. big in this sentence makes the creature seem very large, transformed vs. change makes it sound beautiful, and insect vs.. bug makes it seem like just a regular creature rather than something to fear or hate. The inclusion of 'in his bed' makes this feel like an invasion of privacy.
Translation #2:
"Gregor Samsa woke from uneasy dreams one morning to find himself changed into a giant bug."
The connotations of this line is that the main character was having a restless and having a violent night. The next part, by saying giant bug, doesn't show the change as a big bug. Although it says giant bug, giant isn't really a powerful word and bug makes it seem small almost like a pest. The syntax of this line introduces the main character first, the restless night, then the big reveal of the bug situation. This line doesn't have a powerful tone though and it almost seems like the change isn't a big deal.
Translation #3:
"When Gregor Samsa awoke from troubled dreams one morning he found he had been transformed in his bed into an enormous bug."
The connotations of this line is that the main character was having a contemplative and tormented night. The translation of 'transformed', I believe, works better for this sentence because it almost sound like a witch waved her wand and transformed the main character as he was sleeping and tormenting him because it was such an evil thing to do. The inclusion of 'in his bed' makes this feel like an invasion of privacy. When the author wrote 'enormous bug', I think the audience would feel like this large creature is still a rather large, but small to a human, pest. The overall effect of this line is that someone launched a personal attack on the main character.
Translation #4:
"One morning, upon awakening from agitated dreams, Gregor Samsa found himself, in his bed, transformed into a monstrous vermin."
The connotation of the dream part is a bit different this time around. Agitated isn't as powerful as troubled because it sounds like he was just uncomfortable the way he was sleeping. Almost as a small hint to what is coming. The almost excessive use of commas create a certain tone of suspense. The line that says 'in his bed' makes this feel like an invasion of privacy. I think it might also denote that Gregor Samsa is still himself on the inside with thoughts and feelings, his physical appearance is the only thing that has changed. "Transformed" denotes that the change is very grand. Finally the use of 'monstrous vermin' denotes that Gregor is a beast of some sort that would terrify anything that crossed its path. It also makes his seem disguising because of the use of vermin. The syntax of the line introduces the day first which speaks to the existentialist 'one day at a time' theme. Overall, I believe this is the most powerful and remotely existentialist line.
Grand Analysis:
Word choice affects meaning because if an author uses a less powerful word in a sentence that is supposed to shock the audience, the sentence will lose its grip upon the audience and the effect will be lessened. Word choice also affects meaning in the example of using insect vs. bug vs. vermin vs. pest. The meaning of the sentence changes from scientific to nothing to worry about to something extremely repulsive to something of an annoyance which one could arguably hate. Syntax shifts meaning because it shows what is important in the sentence. The author could want the reader to focus on the day while another author could want the focus to be the main character or the transformation. This makes the reader focus on the element throughout the text and also try to find it's deeper meaning. Punctuation affects meaning because it separates what the author wants the audience to focus on from what is ordinary. It also can make a sentence seem more suspenseful, to excited, to questioning. Finally, imagery shifts meaning by helping the audience to imagine what the author wants us to see. The more specific the author becomes the more detailed these visions become.
I believe word choice, out of all of these stylistic features, is the most effective. This is because the simple changing of words, from powerful, to weak, to slang, to very proper changes the meaning of a sentence drastically. Yes, punctuation and syntax tell the audience what to focus on, but if those words are not speaking to what the author is trying to relay, the focus has lost its purpose. Word choice also helps shape how specific the imagery is.
This exercise shows that translating texts can be detrimental to the reader because meaning is lost in what the original author was trying to accomplish. There are so many synonyms in English as well as words that don't translate into English. This problem between languages makes the translated text be to be interpreted many different ways.